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Thursday, November 28, 2013
Wednesday, November 27, 2013
112120044: human centered design
1. Human Centered Design
---------------------
Merancang tempat kerja, alat perkakas, stasiun kerja, peralatan yang orang gunakan di industri manufakturing dan pelayanan, dan juga produk-produk dari industri tersebut untuk digunakan oleh manusia. Fokusnya pada perancangan untuk manusia. (Lehto, 2008)
2. Berikut ini panduan desainer untuk berpikir mengenai batas rancangan, titik mula, kekhawatiran khusus, dan sejenisnya.
------------------------------------
Principle 1-1. Select people to fit their machines and jobs.
Principle 1-2. Take advantage of human attributes by expanding requirements for human abilities so that people can better perform their roles.
Principle 1-3. Overcome human limitations so that those limitations do not become system limitations.
Principle 1-4. Be sure that the problem identified is the right problem and that it is formulated correctly.
Principle 1-5. Consider the activities of interest as to whether or not people are required to exercise significant levels of skill, judgment, and/or creativity.
Principle 1-6. Find out the degree to which people enjoy being involved with these activities.
Principle 1-7. Query human operators about their disatisfaction to see if it is caused by: (a) a need to “feel in control,” (b) a desire for achieving self-satisfaction in task performance, or (c) perceptions of inadequacies of technology for quality of performance, or ease of use.
Principle 1-8. To the extent posible, only change the system functions that personnel in the existing system feel should be changed.
Principle 1-9. Consider increasing the level and number of activities for which personnel are responsible so that they will be willing to change the functions of concern.
Principle 1-10. Be sure that the level and number of activities (tasks) allocated to each person or team forms a coherent set of activities and responsibilities, with an overall level that is consistent with the abilities and inclinations of the personnel.
Principle 1-11. Avoid changing activities when the anticipated level of performance is likely to result in regular intervention on the part of the personnel involved.
Principle 1-12. Asure that all personnel involved are aware of the goals of the design and know what their roles will be after the change.
Principle 1-13. Provide training that asists personnel in gaining any newly required abilities to exercise skill, judgment, and/or creativity and helps them to internalize the personal value of these abilities.
Principle 1-14. Involve personnel in planning and implementing the changes from both a system-wide and individual perspective, with particular emphasis on making the implementation proces minimally disruptive.
Principle 1-15. Asure that personnel understand both the abilities and limitations of the new technology, know how to monitor and intervene appropriately, and retain clear feelings of responsibility for system operations.
3. Merancang suatu perkakas atau produk yang diperuntukkan untuk manusia juga dibutuhkan data antropometri. Apa itu antropometri? Antropometri merupakan bagian dari ilmu ergonomi yang secara khusus berkaitan dengan pengukuran tubuh manusia yang meliputi dimensi linier, berat, isi meliputi juga daerah ukuran, kekuatan, kecepatan dan aspek lain dari gerakan tubuh.
------------------------------------
Faktor-faktor tersebut yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan sampel data yang akan diambil adalah:
1. Umur
2. Jenis kelamin
3. Rumpun dan Suku Bangsa
4. Sosio ekonomi dan konsumsi gizi yang diperoleh
5. Pekerjaan, aktivitas sehari-hari juga berpengaruh
6. Kondisi waktu pengukuran
Terdapat dua pilihan dalam merancang sistem kerja berdasarkan data antropometri, yaitu:
* Sesuai dengan tubuh pekerja yang bersangkutan (perancangan individual), yang terbaik secara ergonomi.
* Sesuai dengan populasi pemakai/pekerja.
Perancangan untuk populasi sendiri memiliki tiga pilihan yaitu:
- Design for extreme individuals
- Design for adjustable range
- Design for average
------------------------------------
Metode Perancangan dengan Antropometri
Tahapan perancangan system kerja dengan memperhatikan faktor antropometri secara umum adalah sebagai berikut (Roebuck,1995):
1. Menentukan tujuan perancangan dan kebutuhannya.
2. Mendefinisikan dan mendeskripsikan populasi pemakai.
3. Pemilihan sampel yang akan diambil datanya.
4. Penentuan kebutuhan data (dimensi-dimensi tubuh yang akan diambil).
5. Penentuan sumber data (dimensi tubuh yang akan diambil) dan pemilihan persentil yang akan dipakai.
6. Penyiapan alat ukur antropometri (penggaris, kursi antropometri, meteran).
7. Pengambilan data.
8. Pengolahan data.
a. Uji kenormalan data
b. Uji keseragaman data
c. Uji kecukupan data
9. Analisa hasil perancangan.
--------------------------------------
Implementasi dari teori di atas mengenai perancangan berdasarkan antropometri akan diterbitkan di posting selanjutnya.
Daftar Pustaka:
- Mark R. Lehto & James R. Buck - Introduction To Human Factors & Ergonomics For Engineers
- Modul Praktikum Lab APK & E Telkom University
- Dosen YFN Telkom University
- Sumber lain yang tidak bisa disebutkan
---------------------
Merancang tempat kerja, alat perkakas, stasiun kerja, peralatan yang orang gunakan di industri manufakturing dan pelayanan, dan juga produk-produk dari industri tersebut untuk digunakan oleh manusia. Fokusnya pada perancangan untuk manusia. (Lehto, 2008)
2. Berikut ini panduan desainer untuk berpikir mengenai batas rancangan, titik mula, kekhawatiran khusus, dan sejenisnya.
------------------------------------
Principle 1-1. Select people to fit their machines and jobs.
Principle 1-2. Take advantage of human attributes by expanding requirements for human abilities so that people can better perform their roles.
Principle 1-3. Overcome human limitations so that those limitations do not become system limitations.
Principle 1-4. Be sure that the problem identified is the right problem and that it is formulated correctly.
Principle 1-5. Consider the activities of interest as to whether or not people are required to exercise significant levels of skill, judgment, and/or creativity.
Principle 1-6. Find out the degree to which people enjoy being involved with these activities.
Principle 1-7. Query human operators about their disatisfaction to see if it is caused by: (a) a need to “feel in control,” (b) a desire for achieving self-satisfaction in task performance, or (c) perceptions of inadequacies of technology for quality of performance, or ease of use.
Principle 1-8. To the extent posible, only change the system functions that personnel in the existing system feel should be changed.
Principle 1-9. Consider increasing the level and number of activities for which personnel are responsible so that they will be willing to change the functions of concern.
Principle 1-10. Be sure that the level and number of activities (tasks) allocated to each person or team forms a coherent set of activities and responsibilities, with an overall level that is consistent with the abilities and inclinations of the personnel.
Principle 1-11. Avoid changing activities when the anticipated level of performance is likely to result in regular intervention on the part of the personnel involved.
Principle 1-12. Asure that all personnel involved are aware of the goals of the design and know what their roles will be after the change.
Principle 1-13. Provide training that asists personnel in gaining any newly required abilities to exercise skill, judgment, and/or creativity and helps them to internalize the personal value of these abilities.
Principle 1-14. Involve personnel in planning and implementing the changes from both a system-wide and individual perspective, with particular emphasis on making the implementation proces minimally disruptive.
Principle 1-15. Asure that personnel understand both the abilities and limitations of the new technology, know how to monitor and intervene appropriately, and retain clear feelings of responsibility for system operations.
3. Merancang suatu perkakas atau produk yang diperuntukkan untuk manusia juga dibutuhkan data antropometri. Apa itu antropometri? Antropometri merupakan bagian dari ilmu ergonomi yang secara khusus berkaitan dengan pengukuran tubuh manusia yang meliputi dimensi linier, berat, isi meliputi juga daerah ukuran, kekuatan, kecepatan dan aspek lain dari gerakan tubuh.
------------------------------------
Faktor-faktor tersebut yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan sampel data yang akan diambil adalah:
1. Umur
2. Jenis kelamin
3. Rumpun dan Suku Bangsa
4. Sosio ekonomi dan konsumsi gizi yang diperoleh
5. Pekerjaan, aktivitas sehari-hari juga berpengaruh
6. Kondisi waktu pengukuran
Terdapat dua pilihan dalam merancang sistem kerja berdasarkan data antropometri, yaitu:
* Sesuai dengan tubuh pekerja yang bersangkutan (perancangan individual), yang terbaik secara ergonomi.
* Sesuai dengan populasi pemakai/pekerja.
Perancangan untuk populasi sendiri memiliki tiga pilihan yaitu:
- Design for extreme individuals
- Design for adjustable range
- Design for average
------------------------------------
Metode Perancangan dengan Antropometri
Tahapan perancangan system kerja dengan memperhatikan faktor antropometri secara umum adalah sebagai berikut (Roebuck,1995):
1. Menentukan tujuan perancangan dan kebutuhannya.
2. Mendefinisikan dan mendeskripsikan populasi pemakai.
3. Pemilihan sampel yang akan diambil datanya.
4. Penentuan kebutuhan data (dimensi-dimensi tubuh yang akan diambil).
5. Penentuan sumber data (dimensi tubuh yang akan diambil) dan pemilihan persentil yang akan dipakai.
6. Penyiapan alat ukur antropometri (penggaris, kursi antropometri, meteran).
7. Pengambilan data.
8. Pengolahan data.
a. Uji kenormalan data
b. Uji keseragaman data
c. Uji kecukupan data
9. Analisa hasil perancangan.
--------------------------------------
Implementasi dari teori di atas mengenai perancangan berdasarkan antropometri akan diterbitkan di posting selanjutnya.
Daftar Pustaka:
- Mark R. Lehto & James R. Buck - Introduction To Human Factors & Ergonomics For Engineers
- Modul Praktikum Lab APK & E Telkom University
- Dosen YFN Telkom University
- Sumber lain yang tidak bisa disebutkan
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